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""" HTML rendering for twisted.web. @var VALID_HTML_TAG_NAMES: A list of recognized HTML tag names, used by the L{tag} object. @var TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE: The XML namespace used to identify attributes and elements used by the templating system, which should be removed from the final output document. @var tags: A convenience object which can produce L{Tag} objects on demand via attribute access. For example: C{tags.div} is equivalent to C{Tag("div")}. Tags not specified in L{VALID_HTML_TAG_NAMES} will result in an L{AttributeError}. """ from __future__ import division, absolute_import __all__ = [ 'TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE', 'VALID_HTML_TAG_NAMES', 'Element', 'TagLoader', 'XMLString', 'XMLFile', 'renderer', 'flatten', 'flattenString', 'tags', 'Comment', 'CDATA', 'Tag', 'slot', 'CharRef', 'renderElement' ] import warnings from collections import OrderedDict from zope.interface import implementer from xml.sax import make_parser, handler from twisted.python.compat import NativeStringIO, items from twisted.python.filepath import FilePath from twisted.web._stan import Tag, slot, Comment, CDATA, CharRef from twisted.web.iweb import ITemplateLoader from twisted.logger import Logger TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE = 'http://twistedmatrix.com/ns/twisted.web.template/0.1' # Go read the definition of NOT_DONE_YET. For lulz. This is totally # equivalent. And this turns out to be necessary, because trying to import # NOT_DONE_YET in this module causes a circular import which we cannot escape # from. From which we cannot escape. Etc. glyph is okay with this solution for # now, and so am I, as long as this comment stays to explain to future # maintainers what it means. ~ C. # # See http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/5557 for progress on fixing this. NOT_DONE_YET = 1 _moduleLog = Logger() class _NSContext(object): """ A mapping from XML namespaces onto their prefixes in the document. """ def __init__(self, parent=None): """ Pull out the parent's namespaces, if there's no parent then default to XML. """ self.parent = parent if parent is not None: self.nss = OrderedDict(parent.nss) else: self.nss = {'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace':'xml'} def get(self, k, d=None): """ Get a prefix for a namespace. @param d: The default prefix value. """ return self.nss.get(k, d) def __setitem__(self, k, v): """ Proxy through to setting the prefix for the namespace. """ self.nss.__setitem__(k, v) def __getitem__(self, k): """ Proxy through to getting the prefix for the namespace. """ return self.nss.__getitem__(k) class _ToStan(handler.ContentHandler, handler.EntityResolver): """ A SAX parser which converts an XML document to the Twisted STAN Document Object Model. """ def __init__(self, sourceFilename): """ @param sourceFilename: the filename to load the XML out of. """ self.sourceFilename = sourceFilename self.prefixMap = _NSContext() self.inCDATA = False def setDocumentLocator(self, locator): """ Set the document locator, which knows about line and character numbers. """ self.locator = locator def startDocument(self): """ Initialise the document. """ self.document = [] self.current = self.document self.stack = [] self.xmlnsAttrs = [] def endDocument(self): """ Document ended. """ def processingInstruction(self, target, data): """ Processing instructions are ignored. """ def startPrefixMapping(self, prefix, uri): """ Set up the prefix mapping, which maps fully qualified namespace URIs onto namespace prefixes. This gets called before startElementNS whenever an C{xmlns} attribute is seen. """ self.prefixMap = _NSContext(self.prefixMap) self.prefixMap[uri] = prefix # Ignore the template namespace; we'll replace those during parsing. if uri == TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE: return # Add to a list that will be applied once we have the element. if prefix is None: self.xmlnsAttrs.append(('xmlns',uri)) else: self.xmlnsAttrs.append(('xmlns:%s'%prefix,uri)) def endPrefixMapping(self, prefix): """ "Pops the stack" on the prefix mapping. Gets called after endElementNS. """ self.prefixMap = self.prefixMap.parent def startElementNS(self, namespaceAndName, qname, attrs): """ Gets called when we encounter a new xmlns attribute. @param namespaceAndName: a (namespace, name) tuple, where name determines which type of action to take, if the namespace matches L{TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE}. @param qname: ignored. @param attrs: attributes on the element being started. """ filename = self.sourceFilename lineNumber = self.locator.getLineNumber() columnNumber = self.locator.getColumnNumber() ns, name = namespaceAndName if ns == TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE: if name == 'transparent': name = '' elif name == 'slot': try: # Try to get the default value for the slot default = attrs[(None, 'default')] except KeyError: # If there wasn't one, then use None to indicate no # default. default = None el = slot( attrs[(None, 'name')], default=default, filename=filename, lineNumber=lineNumber, columnNumber=columnNumber) self.stack.append(el) self.current.append(el) self.current = el.children return render = None attrs = OrderedDict(attrs) for k, v in items(attrs): attrNS, justTheName = k if attrNS != TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE: continue if justTheName == 'render': render = v del attrs[k] # nonTemplateAttrs is a dictionary mapping attributes that are *not* in # TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE to their values. Those in TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE were # just removed from 'attrs' in the loop immediately above. The key in # nonTemplateAttrs is either simply the attribute name (if it was not # specified as having a namespace in the template) or prefix:name, # preserving the xml namespace prefix given in the document. nonTemplateAttrs = OrderedDict() for (attrNs, attrName), v in items(attrs): nsPrefix = self.prefixMap.get(attrNs) if nsPrefix is None: attrKey = attrName else: attrKey = '%s:%s' % (nsPrefix, attrName) nonTemplateAttrs[attrKey] = v if ns == TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE and name == 'attr': if not self.stack: # TODO: define a better exception for this? raise AssertionError( '<{%s}attr> as top-level element' % (TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE,)) if 'name' not in nonTemplateAttrs: # TODO: same here raise AssertionError( '<{%s}attr> requires a name attribute' % (TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE,)) el = Tag('', render=render, filename=filename, lineNumber=lineNumber, columnNumber=columnNumber) self.stack[-1].attributes[nonTemplateAttrs['name']] = el self.stack.append(el) self.current = el.children return # Apply any xmlns attributes if self.xmlnsAttrs: nonTemplateAttrs.update(OrderedDict(self.xmlnsAttrs)) self.xmlnsAttrs = [] # Add the prefix that was used in the parsed template for non-template # namespaces (which will not be consumed anyway). if ns != TEMPLATE_NAMESPACE and ns is not None: prefix = self.prefixMap[ns] if prefix is not None: name = '%s:%s' % (self.prefixMap[ns],name) el = Tag( name, attributes=OrderedDict(nonTemplateAttrs), render=render, filename=filename, lineNumber=lineNumber, columnNumber=columnNumber) self.stack.append(el) self.current.append(el) self.current = el.children def characters(self, ch): """ Called when we receive some characters. CDATA characters get passed through as is. @type ch: C{string} """ if self.inCDATA: self.stack[-1].append(ch) return self.current.append(ch) def endElementNS(self, name, qname): """ A namespace tag is closed. Pop the stack, if there's anything left in it, otherwise return to the document's namespace. """ self.stack.pop() if self.stack: self.current = self.stack[-1].children else: self.current = self.document def startDTD(self, name, publicId, systemId): """ DTDs are ignored. """ def endDTD(self, *args): """ DTDs are ignored. """ def startCDATA(self): """ We're starting to be in a CDATA element, make a note of this. """ self.inCDATA = True self.stack.append([]) def endCDATA(self): """ We're no longer in a CDATA element. Collect up the characters we've parsed and put them in a new CDATA object. """ self.inCDATA = False comment = ''.join(self.stack.pop()) self.current.append(CDATA(comment)) def comment(self, content): """ Add an XML comment which we've encountered. """ self.current.append(Comment(content)) def _flatsaxParse(fl): """ Perform a SAX parse of an XML document with the _ToStan class. @param fl: The XML document to be parsed. @type fl: A file object or filename. @return: a C{list} of Stan objects. """ parser = make_parser() parser.setFeature(handler.feature_validation, 0) parser.setFeature(handler.feature_namespaces, 1) parser.setFeature(handler.feature_external_ges, 0) parser.setFeature(handler.feature_external_pes, 0) s = _ToStan(getattr(fl, "name", None)) parser.setContentHandler(s) parser.setEntityResolver(s) parser.setProperty(handler.property_lexical_handler, s) parser.parse(fl) return s.document @implementer(ITemplateLoader) class TagLoader(object): """ An L{ITemplateLoader} that loads existing L{IRenderable} providers. @ivar tag: The object which will be loaded. @type tag: An L{IRenderable} provider. """ def __init__(self, tag): """ @param tag: The object which will be loaded. @type tag: An L{IRenderable} provider. """ self.tag = tag def load(self): return [self.tag] @implementer(ITemplateLoader) class XMLString(object): """ An L{ITemplateLoader} that loads and parses XML from a string. @ivar _loadedTemplate: The loaded document. @type _loadedTemplate: a C{list} of Stan objects. """ def __init__(self, s): """ Run the parser on a L{NativeStringIO} copy of the string. @param s: The string from which to load the XML. @type s: C{str}, or a UTF-8 encoded L{bytes}. """ if not isinstance(s, str): s = s.decode('utf8') self._loadedTemplate = _flatsaxParse(NativeStringIO(s)) def load(self): """ Return the document. @return: the loaded document. @rtype: a C{list} of Stan objects. """ return self._loadedTemplate @implementer(ITemplateLoader) class XMLFile(object): """ An L{ITemplateLoader} that loads and parses XML from a file. @ivar _loadedTemplate: The loaded document, or L{None}, if not loaded. @type _loadedTemplate: a C{list} of Stan objects, or L{None}. @ivar _path: The L{FilePath}, file object, or filename that is being loaded from. """ def __init__(self, path): """ Run the parser on a file. @param path: The file from which to load the XML. @type path: L{FilePath} """ if not isinstance(path, FilePath): warnings.warn( "Passing filenames or file objects to XMLFile is deprecated " "since Twisted 12.1. Pass a FilePath instead.", category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) self._loadedTemplate = None self._path = path def _loadDoc(self): """ Read and parse the XML. @return: the loaded document. @rtype: a C{list} of Stan objects. """ if not isinstance(self._path, FilePath): return _flatsaxParse(self._path) else: with self._path.open('r') as f: return _flatsaxParse(f) def __repr__(self): return '' % (self._path,) def load(self): """ Return the document, first loading it if necessary. @return: the loaded document. @rtype: a C{list} of Stan objects. """ if self._loadedTemplate is None: self._loadedTemplate = self._loadDoc() return self._loadedTemplate # Last updated October 2011, using W3Schools as a reference. Link: # http://www.w3schools.com/html5/html5_reference.asp # Note that is explicitly omitted; its semantics do not work with # t.w.template and it is officially deprecated. VALID_HTML_TAG_NAMES = set([ 'a', 'abbr', 'acronym', 'address', 'applet', 'area', 'article', 'aside', 'audio', 'b', 'base', 'basefont', 'bdi', 'bdo', 'big', 'blockquote', 'body', 'br', 'button', 'canvas', 'caption', 'center', 'cite', 'code', 'col', 'colgroup', 'command', 'datalist', 'dd', 'del', 'details', 'dfn', 'dir', 'div', 'dl', 'dt', 'em', 'embed', 'fieldset', 'figcaption', 'figure', 'font', 'footer', 'form', 'frame', 'frameset', 'h1', 'h2', 'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6', 'head', 'header', 'hgroup', 'hr', 'html', 'i', 'iframe', 'img', 'input', 'ins', 'isindex', 'keygen', 'kbd', 'label', 'legend', 'li', 'link', 'map', 'mark', 'menu', 'meta', 'meter', 'nav', 'noframes', 'noscript', 'object', 'ol', 'optgroup', 'option', 'output', 'p', 'param', 'pre', 'progress', 'q', 'rp', 'rt', 'ruby', 's', 'samp', 'script', 'section', 'select', 'small', 'source', 'span', 'strike', 'strong', 'style', 'sub', 'summary', 'sup', 'table', 'tbody', 'td', 'textarea', 'tfoot', 'th', 'thead', 'time', 'title', 'tr', 'tt', 'u', 'ul', 'var', 'video', 'wbr', ]) class _TagFactory(object): """ A factory for L{Tag} objects; the implementation of the L{tags} object. This allows for the syntactic convenience of C{from twisted.web.html import tags; tags.a(href="linked-page.html")}, where 'a' can be basically any HTML tag. The class is not exposed publicly because you only ever need one of these, and we already made it for you. @see: L{tags} """ def __getattr__(self, tagName): if tagName == 'transparent': return Tag('') # allow for E.del as E.del_ tagName = tagName.rstrip('_') if tagName not in VALID_HTML_TAG_NAMES: raise AttributeError('unknown tag %r' % (tagName,)) return Tag(tagName) tags = _TagFactory() def renderElement(request, element, doctype=b'<!DOCTYPE html>', _failElement=None): """ Render an element or other C{IRenderable}. @param request: The C{Request} being rendered to. @param element: An C{IRenderable} which will be rendered. @param doctype: A C{bytes} which will be written as the first line of the request, or L{None} to disable writing of a doctype. The C{string} should not include a trailing newline and will default to the HTML5 doctype C{'<!DOCTYPE html>'}. @returns: NOT_DONE_YET @since: 12.1 """ if doctype is not None: request.write(doctype) request.write(b'\n') if _failElement is None: _failElement = twisted.web.util.FailureElement d = flatten(request, element, request.write) def eb(failure): _moduleLog.failure( "An error occurred while rendering the response.", failure=failure ) if request.site.displayTracebacks: return flatten(request, _failElement(failure), request.write).encode('utf8') else: request.write( (b'<div style="font-size:800%;' b'background-color:#FFF;' b'color:#F00' b'">An error occurred while rendering the response.</div>')) d.addErrback(eb) d.addBoth(lambda _: request.finish()) return NOT_DONE_YET from twisted.web._element import Element, renderer from twisted.web._flatten import flatten, flattenString import twisted.web.util