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" "(This option has no effect unless the server is running as " "root, in which case it means not to shed all privileges " "after binding ports, retaining the option to regain " "privileges in cases such as spawning processes. " "Use with caution.)"], ] optParameters = [ ['prefix', None,'twisted', "use the given prefix when syslogging"], ['pidfile','','twistd.pid', "Name of the pidfile"], ['chroot', None, None, 'Chroot to a supplied directory before running'], ['uid', 'u', None, "The uid to run as.", uidFromString], ['gid', 'g', None, "The gid to run as. If not specified, the default gid " "associated with the specified --uid is used.", gidFromString], ['umask', None, None, "The (octal) file creation mask to apply.", _umask], ] compData = usage.Completions( optActions={"pidfile": usage.CompleteFiles("*.pid"), "chroot": usage.CompleteDirs(descr="chroot directory"), "gid": usage.CompleteGroups(descr="gid to run as"), "uid": usage.CompleteUsernames(descr="uid to run as"), "prefix": usage.Completer(descr="syslog prefix"), }, ) def opt_version(self): """ Print version information and exit. """ print('twistd (the Twisted daemon) {}'.format(copyright.version), file=self.stdout) print(copyright.copyright, file=self.stdout) sys.exit() def postOptions(self): app.ServerOptions.postOptions(self) if self['pidfile']: self['pidfile'] = os.path.abspath(self['pidfile']) def checkPID(pidfile): if not pidfile: return if os.path.exists(pidfile): try: with open(pidfile) as f: pid = int(f.read()) except ValueError: sys.exit('Pidfile {} contains non-numeric value'.format(pidfile)) try: os.kill(pid, 0) except OSError as why: if why.errno == errno.ESRCH: # The pid doesn't exist. log.msg('Removing stale pidfile {}'.format(pidfile), isError=True) os.remove(pidfile) else: sys.exit( "Can't check status of PID {} from pidfile {}: {}".format( pid, pidfile, why)) else: sys.exit("""\ Another twistd server is running, PID {}\n This could either be a previously started instance of your application or a different application entirely. To start a new one, either run it in some other directory, or use the --pidfile and --logfile parameters to avoid clashes. """.format(pid)) class UnixAppLogger(app.AppLogger): """ A logger able to log to syslog, to files, and to stdout. @ivar _syslog: A flag indicating whether to use syslog instead of file logging. @type _syslog: C{bool} @ivar _syslogPrefix: If C{sysLog} is C{True}, the string prefix to use for syslog messages. @type _syslogPrefix: C{str} @ivar _nodaemon: A flag indicating the process will not be daemonizing. @type _nodaemon: C{bool} """ def __init__(self, options): app.AppLogger.__init__(self, options) self._syslog = options.get("syslog", False) self._syslogPrefix = options.get("prefix", "") self._nodaemon = options.get("nodaemon", False) def _getLogObserver(self): """ Create and return a suitable log observer for the given configuration. The observer will go to syslog using the prefix C{_syslogPrefix} if C{_syslog} is true. Otherwise, it will go to the file named C{_logfilename} or, if C{_nodaemon} is true and C{_logfilename} is C{"-"}, to stdout. @return: An object suitable to be passed to C{log.addObserver}. """ if self._syslog: from twisted.python import syslog return syslog.SyslogObserver(self._syslogPrefix).emit if self._logfilename == '-': if not self._nodaemon: sys.exit('Daemons cannot log to stdout, exiting!') logFile = sys.stdout elif self._nodaemon and not self._logfilename: logFile = sys.stdout else: if not self._logfilename: self._logfilename = 'twistd.log' logFile = logfile.LogFile.fromFullPath(self._logfilename) try: import signal except ImportError: pass else: # Override if signal is set to None or SIG_DFL (0) if not signal.getsignal(signal.SIGUSR1): def rotateLog(signal, frame): from twisted.internet import reactor reactor.callFromThread(logFile.rotate) signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, rotateLog) return logger.textFileLogObserver(logFile) def launchWithName(name): if name and name != sys.argv[0]: exe = os.path.realpath(sys.executable) log.msg('Changing process name to ' + name) os.execv(exe, [name, sys.argv[0], '--originalname'] + sys.argv[1:]) class UnixApplicationRunner(app.ApplicationRunner): """ An ApplicationRunner which does Unix-specific things, like fork, shed privileges, and maintain a PID file. """ loggerFactory = UnixAppLogger def preApplication(self): """ Do pre-application-creation setup. """ checkPID(self.config['pidfile']) self.config['nodaemon'] = (self.config['nodaemon'] or self.config['debug']) self.oldstdout = sys.stdout self.oldstderr = sys.stderr def _formatChildException(self, exception): """ Format the C{exception} in preparation for writing to the status pipe. This does the right thing on Python 2 if the exception's message is Unicode, and in all cases limits the length of the message afte* encoding to 100 bytes. This means the returned message may be truncated in the middle of a unicode escape. @type exception: L{Exception} @param exception: The exception to format. @return: The formatted message, suitable for writing to the status pipe. @rtype: L{bytes} """ # On Python 2 this will encode Unicode messages with the ascii # codec and the backslashreplace error handler. exceptionLine = traceback.format_exception_only(exception.__class__, exception)[-1] # remove the trailing newline formattedMessage = '1 {}'.format(exceptionLine.strip()) # On Python 3, encode the message the same way Python 2's # format_exception_only does if _PY3: formattedMessage = formattedMessage.encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace') # By this point, the message has been encoded, if appropriate, # with backslashreplace on both Python 2 and Python 3. # Truncating the encoded message won't make it completely # unreadable, and the reader should print out the repr of the # message it receives anyway. What it will do, however, is # ensure that only 100 bytes are written to the status pipe, # ensuring that the child doesn't block because the pipe's # full. This assumes PIPE_BUF > 100! return formattedMessage[:100] def postApplication(self): """ To be called after the application is created: start the application and run the reactor. After the reactor stops, clean up PID files and such. """ try: self.startApplication(self.application) except Exception as ex: statusPipe = self.config.get("statusPipe", None) if statusPipe is not None: message = self._formatChildException(ex) untilConcludes(os.write, statusPipe, message) untilConcludes(os.close, statusPipe) self.removePID(self.config['pidfile']) raise else: statusPipe = self.config.get("statusPipe", None) if statusPipe is not None: untilConcludes(os.write, statusPipe, b"0") untilConcludes(os.close, statusPipe) self.startReactor(None, self.oldstdout, self.oldstderr) self.removePID(self.config['pidfile']) def removePID(self, pidfile): """ Remove the specified PID file, if possible. Errors are logged, not raised. @type pidfile: C{str} @param pidfile: The path to the PID tracking file. """ if not pidfile: return try: os.unlink(pidfile) except OSError as e: if e.errno == errno.EACCES or e.errno == errno.EPERM: log.msg("Warning: No permission to delete pid file") else: log.err(e, "Failed to unlink PID file:") except: log.err(None, "Failed to unlink PID file:") def setupEnvironment(self, chroot, rundir, nodaemon, umask, pidfile): """ Set the filesystem root, the working directory, and daemonize. @type chroot: C{str} or L{None} @param chroot: If not None, a path to use as the filesystem root (using L{os.chroot}). @type rundir: C{str} @param rundir: The path to set as the working directory. @type nodaemon: C{bool} @param nodaemon: A flag which, if set, indicates that daemonization should not be done. @type umask: C{int} or L{None} @param umask: The value to which to change the process umask. @type pidfile: C{str} or L{None} @param pidfile: If not L{None}, the path to a file into which to put the PID of this process. """ daemon = not nodaemon if chroot is not None: os.chroot(chroot) if rundir == '.': rundir = '/' os.chdir(rundir) if daemon and umask is None: umask = 0o077 if umask is not None: os.umask(umask) if daemon: from twisted.internet import reactor self.config["statusPipe"] = self.daemonize(reactor) if pidfile: with open(pidfile, 'wb') as f: f.write(intToBytes(os.getpid())) def daemonize(self, reactor): """ Daemonizes the application on Unix. This is done by the usual double forking approach. @see: U{http://code.activestate.com/recipes/278731/} @see: W. Richard Stevens, "Advanced Programming in the Unix Environment", 1992, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-56317-7 @param reactor: The reactor in use. If it provides L{IReactorDaemonize}, its daemonization-related callbacks will be invoked. @return: A writable pipe to be used to report errors. @rtype: C{int} """ # If the reactor requires hooks to be called for daemonization, call # them. Currently the only reactor which provides/needs that is # KQueueReactor. if IReactorDaemonize.providedBy(reactor): reactor.beforeDaemonize() r, w = os.pipe() if os.fork(): # launch child and... code = self._waitForStart(r) os.close(r) os._exit(code) # kill off parent os.setsid() if os.fork(): # launch child and... os._exit(0) # kill off parent again. null = os.open('/dev/null', os.O_RDWR) for i in range(3): try: os.dup2(null, i) except OSError as e: if e.errno != errno.EBADF: raise os.close(null) if IReactorDaemonize.providedBy(reactor): reactor.afterDaemonize() return w def _waitForStart(self, readPipe): """ Wait for the daemonization success. @param readPipe: file descriptor to read start information from. @type readPipe: C{int} @return: code to be passed to C{os._exit}: 0 for success, 1 for error. @rtype: C{int} """ data = untilConcludes(os.read, readPipe, 100) dataRepr = _bytesRepr(data[2:]) if data != b"0": msg = ("An error has occurred: {}\nPlease look at log " "file for more information.\n".format(dataRepr)) untilConcludes(sys.__stderr__.write, msg) return 1 return 0 def shedPrivileges(self, euid, uid, gid): """ Change the UID and GID or the EUID and EGID of this process. @type euid: C{bool} @param euid: A flag which, if set, indicates that only the I{effective} UID and GID should be set. @type uid: C{int} or L{None} @param uid: If not L{None}, the UID to which to switch. @type gid: C{int} or L{None} @param gid: If not L{None}, the GID to which to switch. """ if uid is not None or gid is not None: extra = euid and 'e' or '' desc = '{}uid/{}gid {}/{}'.format(extra, extra, uid, gid) try: switchUID(uid, gid, euid) except OSError as e: log.msg('failed to set {}: {} (are you root?) -- ' 'exiting.'.format(desc, e)) sys.exit(1) else: log.msg('set {}'.format(desc)) def startApplication(self, application): """ Configure global process state based on the given application and run the application. @param application: An object which can be adapted to L{service.IProcess} and L{service.IService}. """ process = service.IProcess(application) if not self.config['originalname']: launchWithName(process.processName) self.setupEnvironment( self.config['chroot'], self.config['rundir'], self.config['nodaemon'], self.config['umask'], self.config['pidfile']) service.IService(application).privilegedStartService() uid, gid = self.config['uid'], self.config['gid'] if uid is None: uid = process.uid if gid is None: gid = process.gid if uid is not None and gid is None: gid = pwd.getpwuid(uid).pw_gid self.shedPrivileges(self.config['euid'], uid, gid) app.startApplication(application, not self.config['no_save'])