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""" Memcache client protocol. Memcached is a caching server, storing data in the form of pairs key/value, and memcache is the protocol to talk with it. To connect to a server, create a factory for L{MemCacheProtocol}:: from twisted.internet import reactor, protocol from twisted.protocols.memcache import MemCacheProtocol, DEFAULT_PORT d = protocol.ClientCreator(reactor, MemCacheProtocol ).connectTCP("localhost", DEFAULT_PORT) def doSomething(proto): # Here you call the memcache operations return proto.set("mykey", "a lot of data") d.addCallback(doSomething) reactor.run() All the operations of the memcache protocol are present, but L{MemCacheProtocol.set} and L{MemCacheProtocol.get} are the more important. See U{http://code.sixapart.com/svn/memcached/trunk/server/doc/protocol.txt} for more information about the protocol. """ from __future__ import absolute_import, division from collections import deque from twisted.protocols.basic import LineReceiver from twisted.protocols.policies import TimeoutMixin from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred, fail, TimeoutError from twisted.python import log from twisted.python.compat import ( intToBytes, iteritems, nativeString, networkString) DEFAULT_PORT = 11211 class NoSuchCommand(Exception): """ Exception raised when a non existent command is called. """ class ClientError(Exception): """ Error caused by an invalid client call. """ class ServerError(Exception): """ Problem happening on the server. """ class Command(object): """ Wrap a client action into an object, that holds the values used in the protocol. @ivar _deferred: the L{Deferred} object that will be fired when the result arrives. @type _deferred: L{Deferred} @ivar command: name of the command sent to the server. @type command: L{bytes} """ def __init__(self, command, **kwargs): """ Create a command. @param command: the name of the command. @type command: L{bytes} @param kwargs: this values will be stored as attributes of the object for future use """ self.command = command self._deferred = Deferred() for k, v in kwargs.items(): setattr(self, k, v) def success(self, value): """ Shortcut method to fire the underlying deferred. """ self._deferred.callback(value) def fail(self, error): """ Make the underlying deferred fails. """ self._deferred.errback(error) class MemCacheProtocol(LineReceiver, TimeoutMixin): """ MemCache protocol: connect to a memcached server to store/retrieve values. @ivar persistentTimeOut: the timeout period used to wait for a response. @type persistentTimeOut: L{int} @ivar _current: current list of requests waiting for an answer from the server. @type _current: L{deque} of L{Command} @ivar _lenExpected: amount of data expected in raw mode, when reading for a value. @type _lenExpected: L{int} @ivar _getBuffer: current buffer of data, used to store temporary data when reading in raw mode. @type _getBuffer: L{list} @ivar _bufferLength: the total amount of bytes in C{_getBuffer}. @type _bufferLength: L{int} @ivar _disconnected: indicate if the connectionLost has been called or not. @type _disconnected: L{bool} """ MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 250 _disconnected = False def __init__(self, timeOut=60): """ Create the protocol. @param timeOut: the timeout to wait before detecting that the connection is dead and close it. It's expressed in seconds. @type timeOut: L{int} """ self._current = deque() self._lenExpected = None self._getBuffer = None self._bufferLength = None self.persistentTimeOut = self.timeOut = timeOut def _cancelCommands(self, reason): """ Cancel all the outstanding commands, making them fail with C{reason}. """ while self._current: cmd = self._current.popleft() cmd.fail(reason) def timeoutConnection(self): """ Close the connection in case of timeout. """ self._cancelCommands(TimeoutError("Connection timeout")) self.transport.loseConnection() def connectionLost(self, reason): """ Cause any outstanding commands to fail. """ self._disconnected = True self._cancelCommands(reason) LineReceiver.connectionLost(self, reason) def sendLine(self, line): """ Override sendLine to add a timeout to response. """ if not self._current: self.setTimeout(self.persistentTimeOut) LineReceiver.sendLine(self, line) def rawDataReceived(self, data): """ Collect data for a get. """ self.resetTimeout() self._getBuffer.append(data) self._bufferLength += len(data) if self._bufferLength >= self._lenExpected + 2: data = b"".join(self._getBuffer) buf = data[:self._lenExpected] rem = data[self._lenExpected + 2:] val = buf self._lenExpected = None self._getBuffer = None self._bufferLength = None cmd = self._current[0] if cmd.multiple: flags, cas = cmd.values[cmd.currentKey] cmd.values[cmd.currentKey] = (flags, cas, val) else: cmd.value = val self.setLineMode(rem) def cmd_STORED(self): """ Manage a success response to a set operation. """ self._current.popleft().success(True) def cmd_NOT_STORED(self): """ Manage a specific 'not stored' response to a set operation: this is not an error, but some condition wasn't met. """ self._current.popleft().success(False) def cmd_END(self): """ This the end token to a get or a stat operation. """ cmd = self._current.popleft() if cmd.command == b"get": if cmd.multiple: values = {key: val[::2] for key, val in iteritems(cmd.values)} cmd.success(values) else: cmd.success((cmd.flags, cmd.value)) elif cmd.command == b"gets": if cmd.multiple: cmd.success(cmd.values) else: cmd.success((cmd.flags, cmd.cas, cmd.value)) elif cmd.command == b"stats": cmd.success(cmd.values) else: raise RuntimeError( "Unexpected END response to %s command" % (nativeString(cmd.command),)) def cmd_NOT_FOUND(self): """ Manage error response for incr/decr/delete. """ self._current.popleft().success(False) def cmd_VALUE(self, line): """ Prepare the reading a value after a get. """ cmd = self._current[0] if cmd.command == b"get": key, flags, length = line.split() cas = b"" else: key, flags, length, cas = line.split() self._lenExpected = int(length) self._getBuffer = [] self._bufferLength = 0 if cmd.multiple: if key not in cmd.keys: raise RuntimeError("Unexpected commands answer.") cmd.currentKey = key cmd.values[key] = [int(flags), cas] else: if cmd.key != key: raise RuntimeError("Unexpected commands answer.") cmd.flags = int(flags) cmd.cas = cas self.setRawMode() def cmd_STAT(self, line): """ Reception of one stat line. """ cmd = self._current[0] key, val = line.split(b" ", 1) cmd.values[key] = val def cmd_VERSION(self, versionData): """ Read version token. """ self._current.popleft().success(versionData) def cmd_ERROR(self): """ A non-existent command has been sent. """ log.err("Non-existent command sent.") cmd = self._current.popleft() cmd.fail(NoSuchCommand()) def cmd_CLIENT_ERROR(self, errText): """ An invalid input as been sent. """ errText = repr(errText) log.err("Invalid input: " + errText) cmd = self._current.popleft() cmd.fail(ClientError(errText)) def cmd_SERVER_ERROR(self, errText): """ An error has happened server-side. """ errText = repr(errText) log.err("Server error: " + errText) cmd = self._current.popleft() cmd.fail(ServerError(errText)) def cmd_DELETED(self): """ A delete command has completed successfully. """ self._current.popleft().success(True) def cmd_OK(self): """ The last command has been completed. """ self._current.popleft().success(True) def cmd_EXISTS(self): """ A C{checkAndSet} update has failed. """ self._current.popleft().success(False) def lineReceived(self, line): """ Receive line commands from the server. """ self.resetTimeout() token = line.split(b" ", 1)[0] # First manage standard commands without space cmd = getattr(self, "cmd_" + nativeString(token), None) if cmd is not None: args = line.split(b" ", 1)[1:] if args: cmd(args[0]) else: cmd() else: # Then manage commands with space in it line = line.replace(b" ", b"_") cmd = getattr(self, "cmd_" + nativeString(line), None) if cmd is not None: cmd() else: # Increment/Decrement response cmd = self._current.popleft() val = int(line) cmd.success(val) if not self._current: # No pending request, remove timeout self.setTimeout(None) def increment(self, key, val=1): """ Increment the value of C{key} by given value (default to 1). C{key} must be consistent with an int. Return the new value. @param key: the key to modify. @type key: L{bytes} @param val: the value to increment. @type val: L{int} @return: a deferred with will be called back with the new value associated with the key (after the increment). @rtype: L{Deferred} """ return self._incrdecr(b"incr", key, val) def decrement(self, key, val=1): """ Decrement the value of C{key} by given value (default to 1). C{key} must be consistent with an int. Return the new value, coerced to 0 if negative. @param key: the key to modify. @type key: L{bytes} @param val: the value to decrement. @type val: L{int} @return: a deferred with will be called back with the new value associated with the key (after the decrement). @rtype: L{Deferred} """ return self._incrdecr(b"decr", key, val) def _incrdecr(self, cmd, key, val): """ Internal wrapper for incr/decr. """ if self._disconnected: return fail(RuntimeError("not connected")) if not isinstance(key, bytes): return fail(ClientError( "Invalid type for key: %s, expecting bytes" % (type(key),))) if len(key) > self.MAX_KEY_LENGTH: return fail(ClientError("Key too long")) fullcmd = b" ".join([cmd, key, intToBytes(int(val))]) self.sendLine(fullcmd) cmdObj = Command(cmd, key=key) self._current.append(cmdObj) return cmdObj._deferred def replace(self, key, val, flags=0, expireTime=0): """ Replace the given C{key}. It must already exist in the server. @param key: the key to replace. @type key: L{bytes} @param val: the new value associated with the key. @type val: L{bytes} @param flags: the flags to store with the key. @type flags: L{int} @param expireTime: if different from 0, the relative time in seconds when the key will be deleted from the store. @type expireTime: L{int} @return: a deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has succeeded, and C{False} with the key didn't previously exist. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ return self._set(b"replace", key, val, flags, expireTime, b"") def add(self, key, val, flags=0, expireTime=0): """ Add the given C{key}. It must not exist in the server. @param key: the key to add. @type key: L{bytes} @param val: the value associated with the key. @type val: L{bytes} @param flags: the flags to store with the key. @type flags: L{int} @param expireTime: if different from 0, the relative time in seconds when the key will be deleted from the store. @type expireTime: L{int} @return: a deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has succeeded, and C{False} with the key already exists. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ return self._set(b"add", key, val, flags, expireTime, b"") def set(self, key, val, flags=0, expireTime=0): """ Set the given C{key}. @param key: the key to set. @type key: L{bytes} @param val: the value associated with the key. @type val: L{bytes} @param flags: the flags to store with the key. @type flags: L{int} @param expireTime: if different from 0, the relative time in seconds when the key will be deleted from the store. @type expireTime: L{int} @return: a deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has succeeded. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ return self._set(b"set", key, val, flags, expireTime, b"") def checkAndSet(self, key, val, cas, flags=0, expireTime=0): """ Change the content of C{key} only if the C{cas} value matches the current one associated with the key. Use this to store a value which hasn't been modified since last time you fetched it. @param key: The key to set. @type key: L{bytes} @param val: The value associated with the key. @type val: L{bytes} @param cas: Unique 64-bit value returned by previous call of C{get}. @type cas: L{bytes} @param flags: The flags to store with the key. @type flags: L{int} @param expireTime: If different from 0, the relative time in seconds when the key will be deleted from the store. @type expireTime: L{int} @return: A deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has succeeded, C{False} otherwise. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ return self._set(b"cas", key, val, flags, expireTime, cas) def _set(self, cmd, key, val, flags, expireTime, cas): """ Internal wrapper for setting values. """ if self._disconnected: return fail(RuntimeError("not connected")) if not isinstance(key, bytes): return fail(ClientError( "Invalid type for key: %s, expecting bytes" % (type(key),))) if len(key) > self.MAX_KEY_LENGTH: return fail(ClientError("Key too long")) if not isinstance(val, bytes): return fail(ClientError( "Invalid type for value: %s, expecting bytes" % (type(val),))) if cas: cas = b" " + cas length = len(val) fullcmd = b" ".join([ cmd, key, networkString("%d %d %d" % (flags, expireTime, length))]) + cas self.sendLine(fullcmd) self.sendLine(val) cmdObj = Command(cmd, key=key, flags=flags, length=length) self._current.append(cmdObj) return cmdObj._deferred def append(self, key, val): """ Append given data to the value of an existing key. @param key: The key to modify. @type key: L{bytes} @param val: The value to append to the current value associated with the key. @type val: L{bytes} @return: A deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has succeeded, C{False} otherwise. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ # Even if flags and expTime values are ignored, we have to pass them return self._set(b"append", key, val, 0, 0, b"") def prepend(self, key, val): """ Prepend given data to the value of an existing key. @param key: The key to modify. @type key: L{bytes} @param val: The value to prepend to the current value associated with the key. @type val: L{bytes} @return: A deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has succeeded, C{False} otherwise. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ # Even if flags and expTime values are ignored, we have to pass them return self._set(b"prepend", key, val, 0, 0, b"") def get(self, key, withIdentifier=False): """ Get the given C{key}. It doesn't support multiple keys. If C{withIdentifier} is set to C{True}, the command issued is a C{gets}, that will return the current identifier associated with the value. This identifier has to be used when issuing C{checkAndSet} update later, using the corresponding method. @param key: The key to retrieve. @type key: L{bytes} @param withIdentifier: If set to C{True}, retrieve the current identifier along with the value and the flags. @type withIdentifier: L{bool} @return: A deferred that will fire with the tuple (flags, value) if C{withIdentifier} is C{False}, or (flags, cas identifier, value) if C{True}. If the server indicates there is no value associated with C{key}, the returned value will be L{None} and the returned flags will be C{0}. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ return self._get([key], withIdentifier, False) def getMultiple(self, keys, withIdentifier=False): """ Get the given list of C{keys}. If C{withIdentifier} is set to C{True}, the command issued is a C{gets}, that will return the identifiers associated with each values. This identifier has to be used when issuing C{checkAndSet} update later, using the corresponding method. @param keys: The keys to retrieve. @type keys: L{list} of L{bytes} @param withIdentifier: If set to C{True}, retrieve the identifiers along with the values and the flags. @type withIdentifier: L{bool} @return: A deferred that will fire with a dictionary with the elements of C{keys} as keys and the tuples (flags, value) as values if C{withIdentifier} is C{False}, or (flags, cas identifier, value) if C{True}. If the server indicates there is no value associated with C{key}, the returned values will be L{None} and the returned flags will be C{0}. @rtype: L{Deferred} @since: 9.0 """ return self._get(keys, withIdentifier, True) def _get(self, keys, withIdentifier, multiple): """ Helper method for C{get} and C{getMultiple}. """ keys = list(keys) if self._disconnected: return fail(RuntimeError("not connected")) for key in keys: if not isinstance(key, bytes): return fail(ClientError( "Invalid type for key: %s, expecting bytes" % (type(key),))) if len(key) > self.MAX_KEY_LENGTH: return fail(ClientError("Key too long")) if withIdentifier: cmd = b"gets" else: cmd = b"get" fullcmd = b" ".join([cmd] + keys) self.sendLine(fullcmd) if multiple: values = dict([(key, (0, b"", None)) for key in keys]) cmdObj = Command(cmd, keys=keys, values=values, multiple=True) else: cmdObj = Command(cmd, key=keys[0], value=None, flags=0, cas=b"", multiple=False) self._current.append(cmdObj) return cmdObj._deferred def stats(self, arg=None): """ Get some stats from the server. It will be available as a dict. @param arg: An optional additional string which will be sent along with the I{stats} command. The interpretation of this value by the server is left undefined by the memcache protocol specification. @type arg: L{None} or L{bytes} @return: a deferred that will fire with a L{dict} of the available statistics. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ if arg: cmd = b"stats " + arg else: cmd = b"stats" if self._disconnected: return fail(RuntimeError("not connected")) self.sendLine(cmd) cmdObj = Command(b"stats", values={}) self._current.append(cmdObj) return cmdObj._deferred def version(self): """ Get the version of the server. @return: a deferred that will fire with the string value of the version. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ if self._disconnected: return fail(RuntimeError("not connected")) self.sendLine(b"version") cmdObj = Command(b"version") self._current.append(cmdObj) return cmdObj._deferred def delete(self, key): """ Delete an existing C{key}. @param key: the key to delete. @type key: L{bytes} @return: a deferred that will be called back with C{True} if the key was successfully deleted, or C{False} if not. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ if self._disconnected: return fail(RuntimeError("not connected")) if not isinstance(key, bytes): return fail(ClientError( "Invalid type for key: %s, expecting bytes" % (type(key),))) self.sendLine(b"delete " + key) cmdObj = Command(b"delete", key=key) self._current.append(cmdObj) return cmdObj._deferred def flushAll(self): """ Flush all cached values. @return: a deferred that will be called back with C{True} when the operation has succeeded. @rtype: L{Deferred} """ if self._disconnected: return fail(RuntimeError("not connected")) self.sendLine(b"flush_all") cmdObj = Command(b"flush_all") self._current.append(cmdObj) return cmdObj._deferred __all__ = ["MemCacheProtocol", "DEFAULT_PORT", "NoSuchCommand", "ClientError", "ServerError"]