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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "NAME" dsa \- DSA key processing .SH "SYNOPSIS" .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" \&\fBopenssl\fR \fBdsa\fR [\fB\-inform PEM|DER\fR] [\fB\-outform PEM|DER\fR] [\fB\-in filename\fR] [\fB\-passin arg\fR] [\fB\-out filename\fR] [\fB\-passout arg\fR] [\fB\-aes128\fR] [\fB\-aes192\fR] [\fB\-aes256\fR] [\fB\-camellia128\fR] [\fB\-camellia192\fR] [\fB\-camellia256\fR] [\fB\-des\fR] [\fB\-des3\fR] [\fB\-idea\fR] [\fB\-text\fR] [\fB\-noout\fR] [\fB\-modulus\fR] [\fB\-pubin\fR] [\fB\-pubout\fR] [\fB\-engine id\fR] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" The \fBdsa\fR command processes \s-1DSA\s0 keys. They can be converted between various forms and their components printed out. \fBNote\fR This command uses the traditional SSLeay compatible format for private key encryption: newer applications should use the more secure PKCS#8 format using the \fBpkcs8\fR .SH "COMMAND OPTIONS" .IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS" .IP "\fB\-inform DER|PEM\fR" 4 .IX Item "-inform DER|PEM" This specifies the input format. The \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR option with a private key uses an \s-1ASN1 DER\s0 encoded form of an \s-1ASN.1 SEQUENCE\s0 consisting of the values of version (currently zero), p, q, g, the public and private key components respectively as \s-1ASN.1\s0 INTEGERs. When used with a public key it uses a SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure: it is an error if the key is not \s-1DSA.\s0 .Sp The \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR form is the default format: it consists of the \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR format base64 encoded with additional header and footer lines. In the case of a private key PKCS#8 format is also accepted. .IP "\fB\-outform DER|PEM\fR" 4 .IX Item "-outform DER|PEM" This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning as the \&\fB\-inform\fR option. .IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4 .IX Item "-in filename" This specifies the input filename to read a key from or standard input if this option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be prompted for. .IP "\fB\-passin arg\fR" 4 .IX Item "-passin arg" the input file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1). .IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 .IX Item "-out filename" This specifies the output filename to write a key to or standard output by is not specified. If any encryption options are set then a pass phrase will be prompted for. The output filename should \fBnot\fR be the same as the input filename. .IP "\fB\-passout arg\fR" 4 .IX Item "-passout arg" the output file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1). .IP "\fB\-aes128|\-aes192|\-aes256|\-camellia128|\-camellia192|\-camellia256|\-des|\-des3|\-idea\fR" 4 .IX Item "-aes128|-aes192|-aes256|-camellia128|-camellia192|-camellia256|-des|-des3|-idea" These options encrypt the private key with the specified cipher before outputting it. A pass phrase is prompted for. If none of these options is specified the key is written in plain text. This means that using the \fBdsa\fR utility to read in an encrypted key with no encryption option can be used to remove the pass phrase from a key, or by setting the encryption options it can be use to add or change the pass phrase. These options can only be used with \s-1PEM\s0 format output files. .IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4 .IX Item "-text" prints out the public, private key components and parameters. .IP "\fB\-noout\fR" 4 .IX Item "-noout" this option prevents output of the encoded version of the key. .IP "\fB\-modulus\fR" 4 .IX Item "-modulus" this option prints out the value of the public key component of the key. .IP "\fB\-pubin\fR" 4 .IX Item "-pubin" by default a private key is read from the input file: with this option a public key is read instead. .IP "\fB\-pubout\fR" 4 .IX Item "-pubout" by default a private key is output. With this option a public key will be output instead. This option is automatically set if the input is a public key. .IP "\fB\-engine id\fR" 4 .IX Item "-engine id" specifying an engine (by its unique \fBid\fR string) will cause \fBdsa\fR to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine, thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default for all available algorithms. .SH "NOTES" .IX Header "NOTES" The \s-1PEM\s0 private key format uses the header and footer lines: .PP .Vb 2 \& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\- \& \-\-\-\-\-END DSA PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\- .Ve .PP The \s-1PEM\s0 public key format uses the header and footer lines: .PP .Vb 2 \& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN PUBLIC KEY\-\-\-\-\- \& \-\-\-\-\-END PUBLIC KEY\-\-\-\-\- .Ve .SH "EXAMPLES" .IX Header "EXAMPLES" To remove the pass phrase on a \s-1DSA\s0 private key: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl dsa \-in key.pem \-out keyout.pem .Ve .PP To encrypt a private key using triple \s-1DES:\s0 .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl dsa \-in key.pem \-des3 \-out keyout.pem .Ve .PP To convert a private key from \s-1PEM\s0 to \s-1DER\s0 format: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl dsa \-in key.pem \-outform DER \-out keyout.der .Ve .PP To print out the components of a private key to standard output: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl dsa \-in key.pem \-text \-noout .Ve .PP To just output the public part of a private key: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl dsa \-in key.pem \-pubout \-out pubkey.pem .Ve .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" \&\fBdsaparam\fR\|(1), \fBgendsa\fR\|(1), \fBrsa\fR\|(1), \&\fBgenrsa\fR\|(1)